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Pain Conditions

Neuropathies

Peripheral neuropathy occurs when nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, known as peripheral nerves, become damaged. This condition commonly leads to symptoms such as pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness, especially in the hands and feet. It can also affect other body functions, including digestion and bladder control.

Peripheral neuropathy may develop due to traumatic injuries, infections, metabolic disorders, inherited conditions, or exposure to toxins. Diabetes is one of the most frequent and well-known causes of this condition. People with peripheral neuropathy usually describe the pain as stabbing, burning or tingling.

Symptoms:


  • Gradual development of numbness, tingling, or prickling sensations in the hands or feet, which may spread upward into the arms or legs.
  • Sharp, stabbing, throbbing, or burning pain.
  • Increased sensitivity to touch.
  • Pain from activities that normally shouldn’t cause discomfort, such as standing on your feet or having them covered by a blanket.
  • Poor coordination or balance, leading to frequent falls.
  • Muscle weakness.
  • A sensation of wearing gloves or socks when none are present.
  • Difficulty moving or paralysis if motor nerves are affected.

Causes:

  • Metabolic causes: Diabetes (the most common cause) and vitamin deficiencies, particularly B vitamins and vitamin E.
  • Infections: Conditions such as Lyme disease, HIV, shingles, and leprosy.
  • Autoimmune disorders: Including lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and Sjögren’s syndrome.
  • Toxins and medications: Excessive alcohol use, chemotherapy agents, heavy metals, and certain prescription drugs.
  • Trauma or nerve compression: Direct nerve injuries or compression syndromes such as carpal tunnel syndrome.
  • Genetic factors: Inherited or hereditary nerve disorders.
  • Idiopathic: Cases in which no clear underlying cause can be identified.
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